Knowledge level of dentists and students on HIV patient' s dental treatment in Brazil: Literature review

Background: Despite the low risk of contamination, fear and discrimination among dentists and students in relation to people infected with HIV could result in violation of some ethical precepts. Objective: The objective of this study was to review the knowledge level and attitudes of dentists and students in the dental care of patients with HIV. Methods: The last 20 years of specialized literature was consulted in the Virtual Health Libraries of Medline and Lilacs sources during the period between May 1999 and May 2019. A wide search strategy was used to avoid missing information: "Dentistry" and "HIV", registered in the Descriptors in Health Sciences. Results: The search in the database resulted in 1058 articles. Screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 14 articles. After the complete reading, 12 articles fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusion: Based on the methodology used, it was possible to conclude that the analysis of the selected articles showed that there is still much to be done in the training and in the performance of dentists and students regarding prejudice and willingness to offer dental care for HIV patients.

Cytotoxicity of chelating agents used in endodontics and their influence on mmps of cell membranes

Abstract This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect and the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) of 0.2% chitosan (CH) and 1% acetic acid (AA) compared with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Cell viability assay was performed according to ISO 10993-5 with mouse fibroblasts (L929). The culture was exposed to 0.2% CH, 1% AA, and 17% EDTA. The chelating agents were evaluated immediately after contact with the cells and after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h of incubation. Cell viability was analyzed using the 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inhibition of the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was evaluated by gelatin zymography. Different concentrations of CH were evaluated: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0.5 mM, and 0.05 mM. EDTA (0.5 mM) was used as a positive control. The results demonstrated that CH and AA had an initial cytotoxic effect, which decreased after 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, being statistically similar to EDTA (P > 0.05). Additionally, CH at concentrations of 50 mM, 5 mM, and 0.5 mM had an inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9, similar to that of the control with EDTA. The chelating agents had no cytotoxic effects after 24 h. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were inhibited by the experimental solutions.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito citotóxico e a capacidade de inibição das metaloproteinases da matriz extracelular (MMP-2 e MMP-9) pela quitosana 0,2%(CH) e o ácido acético 1% (AA) em comparação com o ácido etilenodiaminotetracético 17% (EDTA). O ensaio de viabilidade celular foi realizado de acordo com a ISO 10993-5 com fibroblastos de camundongo (L929). A cultura foi exposta a CH 0,2%, AA 1% e EDTA 17%. Os agentes quelantes foram avaliados imediatamente após o contato com as células e após 6 h, 12 h e 24 h de incubação. A viabilidade celular foi analisada utilizando o ensaio de brometo de 3- (4,5-dimetitiazol-2-il) -2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT). A inibição da atividade gelatinolítica de MMP-2 e MMP-9 foi avaliada por zimografia de gelatina. Diferentes concentrações de CH foram avaliadas: 50 mM, 5 mM, 0,5 mM e 0,05 mM. EDTA (0,5 mM) foi usado como controlo positivo. Os resultados demonstraram que CH e AA apresentaram um efeito citotóxico inicial, que diminuiu após 6 h, 12 h e 24 h, sendo estatisticamente similar ao EDTA (P> 0,05). Adicionalmente, CH a concentrações de 50 mM, 5 mM e 0,5 mM tiveram um efeito inibidor sobre MMP-2 e MMP-9, semelhante ao controlo com EDTA. Os agentes quelantes apresentaram efeitos não citotóxicos após 24 h. MMP-2 e MMP-9 foram inibidas pelas soluções experimentais.

Taxas de prevalência de hanseníase nas macrorregiões do estado de Mato Grosso: Datasus-Brasil / Leprosy prevalence rates in Mato Grosso state macroregions: Datasus-Brazil / Tasas de prevalencia de lepra en macrorregiones del estado de Mato Grosso: Datasus-Brazil

Objetivo: analisar e comparar taxas de prevalência de hanseníase nas macrorregiões do estado de Mato Grosso a partir informações coletadas do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Método: estudo retrospectivo transversal onde analisou a taxa de prevalência no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2017. Os dados foram obtidos através do (DATASUS). Os valores foram comparados por análise de variância, testes de KolmogorovSmirnov e Levene, seguidos pelo teste post hoc de Tukey, com nível de significância em p<0,05. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as Macrorregiões do estado de Mato Grosso, Teles Pires, Vale do Peixoto, Vale do Arinos e Médio Araguaia, consideradas "hiperendêmicas". Conclusão: As taxas de prevalência de hanseníase encontradas neste estudo a partir da utilização da ferramenta DATASUS avaliando as macrorregiões do estado de Mato Grosso abrem perspectivas futuras para estudo epidemiológicos bem elaborados bem como a análise da qualidade dos serviços de saúde utilizados. A ferramenta DATASUS pode ser utilizada no planejamento de políticas públicas para a hanseníase.(AU)

Background: Objective: To analyze and compare leprosy prevalence rates in the macroregions of the state of Mato Grosso from information collected from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Method: a retrospective cross-sectional study analyzing the prevalence rate from January to December 2017. Data were obtained through (DATASUS). The values were compared by analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests, followed by Tukey post hoc test, with significance level of p <0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the macroregions of the state of Mato Grosso, TelesPires, Peixoto Valley, Arinos Valley and Middle Araguaia, considered "hyperendemic". Conclusion: The prevalence rates of leprosy found in this study from the use of the DATASUS tool evaluating the macro-regions of the state of Mato Grosso open future perspectives for well-prepared epidemiological studies as well as the analysis of the quality of the health services used. DATASUS tool can be used in the planning of public policies for leprosy.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar y comparar las tasas de prevalencia de lepra en los macrorregiones del estado de Mato Grosso a partir de la información recopilada del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS) del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Método: estudio retrospectivo transversal que analiza la tasa de prevalencia de enero a diciembre de 2017. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de (DATASUS). Los valores se compararon mediante análisis de varianza, pruebas de KolmogorovSmirnov y Levene, seguidas de la prueba post hoc de Tukey, con un nivel de significación de p <0,05. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los macrorregiones del estado de Mato Grosso, Teles Pires, Peixoto Valley, Arinos Valley y medio Araguaia, consideradas "hiperendémicas". Conclusión: Las tasas de prevalencia de lepra encontradas en este estudio a partir del uso de la herramienta DATASUS que evalúa las macro regiones del estado de Mato Grosso abren perspectivas futuras para estudios epidemiológicos bien preparados, así como el análisis de la calidad de los servicios de salud utilizados. La herramienta DATASUS se puede utilizar en la planificación de políticas públicas.(AU)

Nonsurgical management of endodontic iatrogeny using mta plug: A case report

Endodontic treatment confronting previous iatrogeny in teeth with incomplete root formation and apical periodontitis is presented as a challenge to the Endodontists. The sanitization and peri-radicular repair can be achieved by the assist of auxiliary materials to biomechanical treatment procedures. MTA is cogitated as a choice for these cases due to its composition, physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. In this case report, the patient presented tooth 11 with incomplete root formation and peri-radicular radiolucent lesion accompanied by the presence of an inverted gutta-percha cone in an attempt to filling the root canal. Endodontic treatment was accomplished by removal of the previous gutta-percha. After determining the working length, biomechanical preparation was achieved up until #80 K-file. Sequentially application of calcium hydroxide, as intracanal medication, was performed. Six monthly exchanges of intracanal dressing were completed. Apex was sealed with MTA bonded with saline through #4 Paiva condenser, creating an apical plug. The tooth was temporarily sealed, and patient returned after a week to perform the root canal filling with gutta-percha associated to Sealapex. The final radiography shows apical tissue repair with no peri-radicular lesions and clinical signs of successful treatment. This case report highlights the tissue repair and lack of local infection, absence of sensitivity pain or edema. These findings indicated that these approaches could be elect to presence of necrotic lesions achieving tissue repair.

Effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis: an ex vivo study

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of different endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods: Seventy bovine mandibular incisors were prepared, inoculated with a bacterial strain for 60 days and divided into the following groups: positive control; negative control; 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; 0.2% chitosan; 2.5% NaOCl + 0.2% chitosan; and 2.5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. The irrigation protocol was performed using an experimental peristaltic pump device, with the irrigating solutions circulating within the apparatus at a constant flow for 10 min. Paper-point samples were then collected from the root canals and immersed in 7 mL of brain heart infusion broth, followed by incubation at 37°C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was assessed by turbidity of the culture medium. Results: E. faecalis was present in all samples after the use of different irrigants. Conclusion: The different irrigants tested were not effective in completely eliminating dentin bacterial contamination with E. faecalis.